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The Estrous Cycle in Female Rats is a comprehensive reference on the reproductive physiology, hormonal regulation, and experimental assessment of the female rat estrous cycle. The book explains the four major phases—proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus—and their associated hormonal, ovarian, behavioural, and cellular changes. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the female rat reproductive system, the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, follicular development, ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and vaginal cytology techniques used for identifying cycle stages. The book also explores experimental rat models, factors affecting the estrous cycle, reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption, PCOS and infertility models, drug screening, herbal and natural product evaluation, and applications in pharmacological and biomedical research. Designed for students, researchers, and professionals in pharmacology, reproductive biology, toxicology, and biomedical sciences, this book provides a useful foundation for understanding and applying estrous cycle research in laboratory studies.