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Cucurbitaceous vegetables occupy a prominent position in horticulture due to their rich diversity, wide adaptability, high productivity, nutritional importance, and economic value. The family Cucurbitaceae comprises several commercially important crops, including gourds, squashes and pumpkin which contribute significantly to food and nutritional security across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Besides being rich sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds, these vegetables possess several medicinal and therapeutic properties, making them an important component of a balanced and healthy diet. Growing demand for high-quality vegetables, together with the challenges posed by climate change, diminishing natural resources, emerging pests and diseases, and changing consumer preferences, has underscored the need for sustainable production systems and improved cultivars. Advances in plant breeding, crop improvement, integrated crop management, and seed production have created new opportunities to enhance productivity while promoting environmental sustainability. A sound understanding of the biology, genetic resources, breeding strategies, production technologies, crop protection, and seed production of cucurbit crops is therefore essential for students, researchers, extension personnel, and growers. Cucurbits for Sustainable Horticulture: Diversity, Improvement and Production has been prepared as a comprehensive and up-to-date reference on major cucurbit vegetables. The chapters are systematically organised to provide complete coverage of each crop, beginning with botanical description, taxonomy, species diversity, and genetic resources, followed by breeding objectives, breeding methods, and improved varieties and hybrids. The book also presents scientific recommendations on climate and soil requirements, propagation, nursery management, nutrient management, irrigation, training and pruning, intercultural operations, harvesting, postharvest handling, and the economics of cultivation. Dedicated chapters on integrated pest and disease management highlight environmentally sustainable approaches for maintaining crop health, while detailed coverage of seed production technologies including isolation requirements, pollination biology, rouging, harvesting, processing, and seed quality standards, makes the book equally valuable for commercial seed producers and academic institutions. The volume includes comprehensive chapters on bitter gourd, cucumber, bottle gourd, watermelon, pointed gourd (parwal), pumpkin, summer squash (zucchini), ridge gourd, chowchow, and ivy gourd, incorporating recent scientific advances alongside practical recommendations for cultivation and crop improvement. This book is intended primarily for undergraduate and postgraduate students of horticulture and agriculture, researchers, teachers, extension professionals, seed producers, and progressive farmers. Every effort has been made to present the subject matter in a clear, systematic, and reader-friendly manner without compromising scientific accuracy. The contents have been compiled from standard references, recent research findings, and the authors' experience in teaching, research, and extension